What the common processing techniques for glass products?

Glass products are the general term for daily necessities and industrial products processed from glass as the main raw material. Glass products have been widely used in construction, medical, chemical, household, electronics, instrumentation, nuclear engineering and other fields. Due to the fragile nature of glass, engraving on the surface of glass products requires very high craftsmanship.

Common glass processing techniques are as follows:
Etching
Use chemical agents-hydrofluoric acid to corrode glass. First melt and cover the glass with paraffin wax, engrave patterns on the surface of the paraffin wax, and then apply hydrofluoric acid to wash away the paraffin wax. Since hydrofluoric acid is volatile and has serious pollution, a protective layer is needed and the operation is more complicated.

Thermal processing
Thermal processing is used to improve the appearance quality of processed materials, mainly including flame cutting, fire polishing, and drilling. However, the glass is highly brittle and easily cracked under the influence of high temperature, destroying the material.

screen printing
The principle of screen printing is to print the ink on the surface of the flat glass, and then use the curing measures of the ink to make the pattern firm.

Laser Marking
Laser marking is an integrated optical and electrical equipment controlled by a software system. Graphic generation is controlled by software, and non-contact processing is used to prevent the glass from being damaged by external forces, and the glass perfection and fineness processing effect is good.

There are also several process methods for laser marking on glass, the process methods are as follows:
Multiple laser irradiationA laser radiation is used to produce a clear mark on the glass surface. After a few days, the laser expands to the area near the original mark to form fragments, and then uses multiple radiations to heat the area adjacent to the mark area through thermal conduction, so that these areas are formed Stress gradient, thereby reducing the possibility of secondary fracture, using this method to mark on soda lime glass and borosilicate glass is very effective. Small glass bottles containing liquid medicines and glasses in life can be marked with this method.

Discrete point forming ring crack method
A series of ring-shaped cracks are used to form text, bar codes, square or rectangular codes and other shape code patterns. Using this method generally uses CO2 laser marking machines, and CO2 laser marking machines set a parameter for marking and coding on the glass and produce fewer cracks. Discrete points appear to form ring-shaped cracks. The glass produces low-density ring-shaped cracks through heating and cooling cycles. When the glass is heated, it expands and squeezes the surrounding materials. When the temperature rises to the softening point of the glass, the glass rapidly expands to form a low-density material that protrudes from the glass surface. Using the CO2 laser marking machine, businesses can mark exquisite patterns on the surface of the glass to reduce the grade of the glass.

Crack-like surface cracking method
The process of heating and cooling is used to change the surface of the affected glass. This method is not immediately visible, but only after a little pressure does it start to produce turtle-shaped cracks along the laser marked area. Cracked surface glass not only has the properties of safety glass, but also has the effect of ice cracking and non-full transparency. Therefore, it is widely used in interior decoration, such as partitions, background walls, and can also be used for glass furniture, and is deeply loved by consumers.