Design of Glass Packaging Containers Shape and Structure Design of Glass Containers

⑵ Bottleneck, bottle shoulder
The neck and shoulder are the connection and transition parts between the bottle mouth and the bottle body. They should be designed according to the shape and nature of the contents, combined with the shape, structural size and strength requirements of the bottle body. At the same time, the difficulty of automatic bottle making machine production and filling should also be considered. Consider the type of seal to be used when choosing the inside diameter of the neck. The relationship between the inner diameter of the bottle mouth and the bottle capacity and the sealing form used is listed.

If the contents will be spoiled under the action of residual air in the sealed bottle, only the bottle type with the smallest inner diameter where the liquid contacts the air can be used.
Secondly, should strive to make the contents of the bottle can be smoothly poured into another container, which is especially important for beverages, medicines and alcohol bottles. As long as the transition from the thickest part of the bottle body to the neck of the bottle is properly selected, the liquid can be poured out of the bottle calmly. A bottle with a gradual and smooth transition from the bottle body to the neck allows the liquid to be poured out very calmly. Air seeps into the bottle causing interruption of liquid flow, making it difficult to pour the liquid into another container. It is only possible when the so-called air cushion communicates with the surrounding atmosphere to pour out the liquid calmly from the bottle with a sudden transition from the bottle body to the neck.
If the contents of the bottle are uneven, the heaviest part will gradually sink to the bottom. At this time, the bottle with a sudden transition from the bottle body to the neck should be specially selected, because the heaviest part of the contents is easily separated from other parts when pouring with this type of bottle.

The common structural forms of neck and shoulder are shown in Figure 6-26.

The bottle neck shape is connected to the bottle neck and the bottle shoulder at the bottom, so the shape line of the bottle neck can be divided into three parts: the mouth neck line, the neck middle line and the neck shoulder line. change with change.
The shape and line changes of the bottle neck and its shape depend on the overall shape of the bottle, which can be divided into no-neck type (wide-mouth version for food), short-neck type (beverage) and long-neck type (wine). The neckless type is generally connected by the neckline directly to the shoulder line, while the short-necked type has only a short neck. Straight lines, convex arcs or concave arcs are often used; for the long-neck type, the neckline is longer, which can significantly change the shape of the neckline, neckline and neck-shoulder line, which will make the bottle shape new. Feel. The basic principle and method of its modeling is to compare the size, angle, and curvature of each part of the neck by adding and subtracting. This comparison is not only the comparison of the neck itself, but also must take care of the contrasting relationship with the overall line shape of the bottle. Coordinating relations. For the bottle shape that needs to be labeled with a neck label, attention should be paid to the shape and length of the neck label.
The top of the bottle shoulder is connected to the bottle neck and the bottom is connected to the bottle body, which is an important part of the bottle shape line change.
The shoulder line can usually be divided into “flat shoulder”, “throwing shoulder”, “sloping shoulder”, “beauty shoulder” and “stepped shoulder”. Various shoulder shapes can produce many different shoulder shapes through changes in the length, angle and curve of the shoulders.
Different shapes of bottle shoulders have different effects on the strength of the container.

⑶ bottle body
The bottle body is the main structure of the glass container, and its shape can be various. Figure 6-28 shows the various shapes of the cross section of the bottle body. However, among these shapes, only the circle is uniformly stressed around it, with the best structural strength and good forming performance, and the glass liquid is easy to distribute evenly. Therefore, glass containers that need to withstand pressure are generally circular in cross section. Figure 6-29 shows different shapes of beer bottles. No matter how the vertical diameter changes, its cross section is round.

When designing special-shaped bottles, the bottle type and wall thickness should be correctly selected and designed according to the stress direction in the product wall. Stress distribution within the tetrahedral bottle wall. The dotted circle in the figure represents the zero stress line, the dotted lines at the four corners corresponding to the outside of the circle represent tensile stress, and the dotted lines corresponding to the four walls inside the circle represent compressive stress.

In addition to some special special bottles (infusion bottles, antibiotic bottles, etc.), the current glass packaging container standards (national standards, industry standards) have specific regulations on the size of the bottle body. In order to activate the market, most glass packaging containers , The height is not specified, only the corresponding tolerance is specified. However, when designing the bottle shape, in addition to considering the manufacturing possibility of the shape and meeting the quality requirements of the product, ergonomics should also be considered, that is, the optimization of the shape and human-related functions.
In order for the human hand to touch the shape of the container, the width of the hand width and the movement of the hand must be considered, and the measurement parameters related to the hand must be considered in the design. Human scale is one of the most basic data in ergonomics research. The diameter of the container is determined by the capacity of the container. 5cm。 Except for containers for special purposes, generally speaking, the minimum diameter of the container should not be less than 2. 5cm. When the maximum diameter exceeds 9cm, the handling container will easily slip out of the hand. The container diameter is moderate, in order to exert the greatest effect. The diameter and length of the container are also related to the grip strength. It is necessary to use a container with a large grip strength, and put all your fingers on it when holding it. Therefore, the length of the container should be longer than the width of the hand; for containers that do not require a lot of grip, you only need to put the necessary fingers on the container, or use your palm to hold it up, and the length of the container can be shorter.

⑷ Bottle heel

The bottle heel is the connecting transition part between the bottle body and the bottle bottom, and its shape generally obeys the needs of the overall shape. However, the shape of the bottle heel has a great influence on the strength index of the bottle. The structure of the small arc transition and the bottom of the bottle is used. The vertical load strength of the structure is high, and the mechanical shock and thermal shock strength are relatively poor. The thickness of the bottom is different and internal stress is generated. When it is subjected to mechanical shock or thermal shock, it is very easy to crack here. The bottle is transitioned with a larger arc, and the lower part is connected with the bottle bottom in the form of retraction. The internal stress of the structure is small, the mechanical shock, thermal shock and water shock strength are high, and the vertical load strength is also good. The bottle body and the bottle bottom are spherical transition connection structure, which has good mechanical impact and thermal shock strength, but poor vertical load strength and water impact strength.

⑸ Bottom of the bottle
The bottom of the bottle is at the bottom of the bottle and plays the role of supporting the container. The strength and stability of the bottom of the bottle are very important. Glass bottle bottoms are generally designed to be concave, which can reduce the contact points in the contact plane and increase stability. The bottom of the bottle and the heel of the bottle adopt arc transition, and the large transition arc is beneficial to improve the strength of the bottle and can. The radius of the corners at the bottom of the bottle makes a lot of sense for production. The rounded corners are determined by the combination method of the mold body and the mold bottom. If the combination of the forming mold and the bottom of the mold is perpendicular to the axis of the product, that is, the transition from the rounded corner to the bottle body is horizontal, it is recommended to use the relevant dimensions of the rounded corner.
According to the shape of the bottom of the bottle obtained by these dimensions, the phenomenon of the collapse of the bottom of the bottle can be avoided when the bottle wall is thin.
If the rounded corners are made on the mold body, that is, the mold body is manufactured by the so-called extrusion method, it is best to take the rounded corner size of the bottle bottom. For those products that require a thicker wall around the bottom of the bottle, the dimensions listed in the table above are also available. If there is a thick layer of glass near the transition from the bottom of the bottle to the bottle body, the bottom of the product will not collapse.
Double rounded bottoms are suitable for products with large diameters. The advantage is that it can better withstand the pressure caused by the internal stress of the glass. For articles with such a base, the measurement of the internal stress demonstrated that the glass at the rounded corners was in compression rather than tension. If subjected to a bending load, the glass will not be able to withstand it.
The convex bottom can ensure the stability of the product. Its shape and size are actually made of various types, depending on the type of bottle and the bottle making machine used.
However, if the arc is too large, the support area will be reduced and the stability of the bottle will be reduced. Under the condition of a certain quality of the bottle and can, the thickness of the bottom of the bottle is based on the minimum thickness of the bottom of the bottle as the design requirement, and the ratio of the thickness of the bottom of the bottle is specified, and strive to have a small difference between the thickness of the bottom of the bottle and reduce the internal stress.